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A refractive error is a condition of the eye in which a clear image fails to focus on the retina due to optical causes.Myopia (Nearsightedness) : In a myopic eye, the light rays are passed through the cornea and lens but the point at which they converge (focus) is in front of the retina, not on the retina. A person with myopia has blurry vision at distance and is in clear focus at near.Hyperopia (farsightedness) : In a hyperopic eye, the light rays do not converge or focus by the time they reach the retina. Hyperopic patients can focus on more distant objects, but not images that are close at hand.